logical fallacies

In logic fallacy is a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning in argumentation.

ad hominem - argument against a person
false causality - The fallacy is that an event or action influences another that is not reasonably related.
red herring - a deliberate attempt to divert attention
overgeneralization - (in language acquisition) the process of extending the application of a rule to items that are excluded from it in the language norm, as when a child uses the regular past tense verb ending
bandwagon effect - also known as "cromo effect" and closely related to opportunism, is a phenomenon